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What is PC-12?

Heavy duty diesel engine oils will be undergoing a category upgrade in the coming years. The Proposed Category 12 (PC-12) engine oils are in development now and will be licensed for use in early 2027. We are here to help you navigate the change and provide perspective about the important pieces of information you should be aware of with this category upgrade and what this means for your engine.

OEM Technical Services Manager, Shell, Karin Haumann is chairperson of the API New Category Development Team (NCDT) leading the innovation of engine oils to meet industry needs. The API NCDT is committed to continuously providing customers with . Over the next several years, we will update this page with new content to share information, help address concerns and ensure that the transition into PC-12 is smooth.

PC-12 Video #1: "Under The Hood" Series by Rotella

The heavy duty engine oil industry is going through a spec change in 2027 and requirements will be changing in order to meet new regulations on engine emissions. Shell has developed the PC-12 Under The Hood video series to educate, provide leadership, and continually share information on the changes coming for truckers.

Read the transcript

Title: Shell Rotella PC-12 Under the Hood - Video 2

Duration: 4:07

Description: The second in a video series about the new Proposed Category 12, to inform followers of the development of the new oils. This series will accompany information found on whatisPC12.com.

[Bright, uplifting music plays]

[Animated sequence]

Logo for Shell Rotella appears with “presents” then a truck icon appears on a yellow background with a text box underneath.

[Text displays]

PC-12 UNDER THE HOOD video series

[Shell music continues]

[Video Footage]

A man walks through a Shell office space with coffee in his hand, smiling. The man sits in a chair across from a woman as they greet each other.

[Emily]

Hi, Jason.

[Jason]

Hello, Emily.

[Title appears with gray text on white background at the bottom of the screen]

Emily Hammer

Commercial Road Sector Manager

[Emily]

Thanks for meeting with me today to talk about some of the more technical aspects of Proposed Category 12 or, PC-12. To start us off, can you tell us a little bit about your role and what does PC-12 have to do with it?

[Title appears with gray text on white background at the bottom of the screen]

Jason Brown

General Manager, Lubricants Technology

[Jason]

First, Emily, thanks for having me today, and I welcome any opportunity to talk about Shell Lubricants, PC-12, and just our technology program in general. The goal of my team is to develop engine oils for the next category or next generation of heavy-duty needs. Specifically, the next category is PC-12, and that's what the team is working on right now is prototype oils that are gonna meet that category going forward.

[Emily] - And how often do new category updates happen, and what is the purpose?

[Jason] - These new category changes don't come around all the time. They tend to average about maybe every nine or 10 years. So the last category is CK-4, what was PC-11, that launched in 2016, and the next category will come around in January 1st of 2027. That'll be PC-12. It is quite a big endeavor for the industry when we do these things, but it's quite an important one to drive changes in the hardware, new emissions legislation, and all of these aspects that are designed to have improvements for the heavy-duty industry.

[Emily] - What are some of the benefits that we can expect from these new oils?

[Jason] - So the benefits of PC-12, or Proposed Category 12, really come down to a couple of things. First off, increased access to fuel economy. 

[Video Footage]

Close up angle on oil pouring from a Shell Rotella container

[Jason] - The new category will have a wider range of viscosity, so it will reach a lower range, lower viscosity, at the end of the day, and access to those lower range viscosities will improve or increase the chances of customers to have better fuel efficiency for their engines moving forward. We will also see lower phosphorus. That will have a direct impact on after treatment devices. 

[Yellow screen appears with footage of an engine block on the right and gray text on the left that reads:]

[Text Display]

Benefits:

Lower viscosity

Lower phosphorus

Oxidation improvements

[Jason] - By reducing phosphorus, that should help extend the life of DPFs. The last and probably most critical aspect is the improvements to oxidation, specifically how that affects our customers, is extending the oil drain interval. 

[Video Footage]

Two Shell Rotella bottles sit in the foreground while a mechanic changes oil under a vehicle in the background. Close up as oil is poured into a funnel under the hood of a vehicle.

[Jason] - So the longer the oil can last in the engine, the longer that customers can use it, and hence the longer they can go before they have to have another oil drain.

[Emily] - And I've heard you talk a lot about how this is gonna benefit the newer engines coming to the market, but how does this impact the current trucks on the road today? How are we thinking about backwards compatibility for those trucks?

[Jason] - This is actually a very, very important aspect of new categories. There are trucks that are still gonna be on the road today that will likely use or see these oils and they need to run just as well. 

[Video Footage]

An eighteen-wheeler tanker truck drives down a busy freeway. A box truck and trailer drives down another freeway. 

[Jason] - So we're working with customers in different applications to give them access to our prototype technologies so that we can be sure that the oils that we are designing for the next generation are also completely fit for purpose for the trucks that are on the road at this moment.

[Emily] - So, Jason, what do we know about the specs for these new oils? Where are we in the development process?

[Jason] - In terms of the process, we are right in the heart of the development program. 

[Yellow screen appears with footage of eighteen-wheelers on a highway, parking in a lot, and gray text on the right that reads:]

[Text Display]

Phase 2: Category development

Step 1 Form New Category Development Team (NCDT)

Step 2 Design API diesel engine oil service category

Step 3 API Lubricants group meets for formal ballot

[Jason] - The next category has already had its specs designed and set out. There's a part of the API called the New Category Development Team, or the NCDT, led by Karin Haumann here at Shell. That team is responsible for setting out the new specs, and those new specs are focused on increasing the range of fuel economy by lowering the viscosity of the overall category, lowering the phosphorus, which has an effect on, of course, the aftertreatment devices, which should improve after treatment device longevity, and then focusing on the improvements for oxidation, which can benefit oil drain and fuel in the end. So all of those specifications have already been set. Now it's just for all of us oil marketers to go and design the oils that meet those specifications when they launch on January 1st, 2027.

[Emily] - Wow. A lot of exciting things to come, I'm sure. Thank you so much for sharing all of your knowledge today. It's a lot for us to learn about PC-12 and what's to come next, so thank you very much.

[Jason] - And thank you, Emily, for having me. I really do appreciate the chance to come speak about PC-12. So thanks again for the time.

[Yellow screen animates in with gray text that reads:]

To get updates and learn more visit whatisPC12.com 

[music ends]

[Shell pecten animation]

[Shell mnemonic]

PC-12 Video #2: "Under The Hood" Series by Rotella

The second in a video series about the new Proposed Category 12, to inform followers of the development of the new oils. Watch the interview between Shell's Emily Hammer, Commercial Road Sector Manager and Jason Brown, General Manager of Lubricants Technology.

In This Section

Oil being poured from a bottle into the engine

PC-12 Engine Oil Tech Demo: Your Top Questions Answered

Get answers about technology demonstrations and field trials for PC-12 that are paving the way for the next generation of diesel engine oils from Shell Rotella.

Why is PC-12 Important?
Oil moving through pistons/engine graphic

API PC-12 Engine Oil Additives Advancing Diesel Engine Protection

Additives of PC-12 oils protect modern diesel engines. Learn about improved wear resistance, DPF protection, and oxidation control for fleets.

More on PC-12 Oil Additives
Truck on the road to give the idea of field tests

The Science Behind PC-12: Advancing Engine Oil for Modern Diesel Engines

The trucking industry is preparing for the next evolution in diesel engine oil with the development of the PC-12 engine oil category. 

Leading PC-12 Innovation

What is PC-12?

In December 2022 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a new rule that requires engine manufacturers to meet more stringent emissions standards. These regulations will come into effect in Model Year 2027 engines. While it is still three years away, engine manufacturers are working hard on technology to meet the new standards. The new standards are another step change in reducing emissions from heavy duty diesel engines, and include a 75% reduction on Nitrous Oxide (NOx) emissions, and a 50% reduction in Particulate Matter (PM). The EPA are also phasing in stricter greenhouse gas emission standards, and placing more emphasis on service life of components. Aftertreatment systems (such as AdBlue systems, diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), and diesel particulate filters (DPF)) must achieve a longer service life. In the USA this will extend out from around 435,000 miles (700,000 km) to 800,000 miles (1,290,000 km).

All of these changes will mean that the heavy duty diesel engine oil will also need to change to help keep engines operating as their manufacturers intended. To that end, engine manufacturers made a request for a new engine oil category to facilitate the changes needed to meet the new regulations. This is called Proposed Category 12 (PC-12). PC-12 was formally endorsed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) in early 2022, and in the future this will become the most modern oil standard. Right now, the new category is being called PC-12 (or proposed category 12), to be split into two parts PC-12a and PC-12b.

The current engine oil categories, API CK-4 and API FA-4 were introduced in 2016. CK-4 was intended to cover engines manufactured around the 2016 timeframe and was backwards compatible with older engine technology, while the FA-4 standard was designed to ‘future-proof’ the oil category, to help protect more fuel efficient engines that were on the horizon at the time. That has played out in the market as OEMs search for better fuel economy, more power and longer oil drain intervals. Similar to PC- 11 facilitating hardware improvements in 2016, PC-12 will enable further advancements in engine technology.

Why is there a need for a new engine oil category?

Government mandates from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources Board (CARB) are putting new regulations on heavy-duty engines. In response, heavy duty engine oils will also evolve, to ensure that lubricants continue to meet performance expectations for both old and new engines.

Oil technology and engine technology go hand in hand. Changing regulatory limits challenge engine manufacturers to reduce emissions. As engine manufacturers begin to create a new generation of cleaner, more fuel-efficient diesel engines, they need a new generation of higher-performing diesel engine oils to protect them.

OEM’s look at a wide range of technologies to help an engine achieve lower emissions targets, and one key way to do this is to use a lower viscosity engine oil which burns less fuel. Lower viscosity engine oils mean less internal friction, meaning the engine expends less energy on internal friction, leaving more energy available to drive the truck wheels.

We have seen reduced viscosities under the API FA-4 standard, where 5W-30 and 10W-30 oils are now common. Under the new PC-12 category, OEM’s are coming to oil manufacturers asking to provide even lower viscosity formulations.

What are the expected benefits of the spec upgrade?

  • Greater Heat Tolerance/Oil Drain Interval (ODI) Extension
    • Better Oxidation Performance enables possible increase in fuel economy OR possible increase in ODI
  • New Wear Test Ensuring Wear Protection
    • Ensures wear protection of low viscosity oils and protection against liner scuffing
  • Improved Aftertreatment Performance
    • New chemical limits can extend service intervals and service life
  • Lower Viscosity = Improved Fuel Economy
    • Low viscosity directly enables fuel economy/ Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reduction

 

What is the timing of PC-12?

The anticipated first licensing date for PC-12 is January 1, 2027. PC-12 will align with the introduction of the model year 2027 engines.

What do I need to know now?

The first licensing date for PC-12 remains early 2027.

 

  • The PC-12a subcategory will continue to be backwards compatible, just like CK-4 is today.
  • A new chemical window (chemical limits for the HDEO formulations) has been agreed by the PC-12 committee
  • Phosphorous limits will be reduced as part of the new category
  • Ash and sulfur limits are also dropping
  • The primary benefits of these changes is:
    • Greater Heat Tolerance/ODI Extension
      Better Oxidation Performance enables increases in fuel economy through higher operating temperatures Or possible increase in ODI
    • New Wear Test
      Ensuring Wear Protection Ensures wear protection of low viscosity oils and protection against scuffing
    • Improved Aftertreatment Performance
      New chemical limits can extend service intervals and service life
    • Lower Viscosity = Improved Fuel Economy
      Low viscosity directly enables fuel economy/ Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reduction
  • Future proofing the category with the addition of lower oil viscosities to include xW-20 in the F subcategory

"The development of a new diesel engine oil category, currently called PC-12, is necessary due to advancements in engine technology and stricter emissions regulations that begin in 2027. As diesel engine technology evolves, they require oils that offer increased oxidation performance and wear reduction, can handle higher temperatures, and improve fuel economy."

OEM Technical Manager, Shell Global Solutions Chairperson, API New Category Development Team
Karin

Developing New Diesel Oil Performance Standards

API Service Category Development Phases

Phase 1: Category Request And Evaluation

Step 1 Sponsor Requests New Category

An industry sponsor requests that the Diesel Engine Oil Advisory Panel (DEOAP) evaluate and develop a new API Diesel Engine Oil Service Category for Diesel Oils

*API currently licenses C and F categories

 

Step 2 Evaluation Process

The Diesel Engine Oil Advisory Panel (DEOAP) forms a New Category Evaluation Team (NCET) to confirm the need and ability to develop a new API Diesel Engine Oil Service Category

Participants Include:

  • API Member Companies 
  • EMA Member Companies 
  • ACC Member Companies

Allied Organizations (SAE, ASTM, ILMA, U.S. Army) and other interested parties may also provide input

Step 3 Recommendation on a New API Diesel Engine Oil Service Category

NCET recommendation on continued development of New API Diesel Engine Oil Service Category affirms recommendation to API Lubricants Group

Step 4 DEOAP Affirms NCET Recommendation to API Lubricants Group

Step 5 ... New Category development team (NCDT)

API Lubricants Group authorizes the NCDT

Phase 2: Category Development

Step 1 Form New Category Development Team (NCDT)

NCDT manages the development of the new API Diesel Engine Oil Service Category

*Participants, Allied Organizations, and other interested parties may provide input to NCDT 

Step 2 API Diesel Engine Oil Service Category

  • Develops any new engine/bench tests 
  • Establishes precision 
  • Sets limits 
  • Step 3 API Lubricants Group for Formal Ballot

    Phase 3: Category Implementation

    A Positive Ballot

    API formally approves the new category

    API revises API 1509 to include new category and develops licensing 

    A Negative Ballot

    An alternate performance requirement may be submitted to restart the NCET and NCDT